How To Keep Weight on an Older Dog

Score for Seniors:
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Weight: Pounds

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This article was updated on September 25th, 2021

It can be difficult to keep weight on an older dog for several reasons, including poor appetite, poor digestive function, loss of muscle mass, slowing metabolism and more. How to keep weight on an older dog However, Illness/disease can cause sudden, significant or sustained weight loss and ANY dog who experiences noticeable and/or sustained weight loss needs to be examined by a veterinarian to make sure that there is no underlying health condition which is causing the problem. Weight loss is not always ‘just a part of old age’. If your dog is given a clean bill of health by your veterinarian and yet is still losing weight, there are steps you can take which may slow down, halt or even reverse the weight loss. Of course, it’s healthier for your dog to be lean rather than heavy, and I wouldn’t suggest trying to add pounds to a dog who is already on the plus-size side of average! The suggestions on this page are only for senior dogs who are underweight and have been thoroughly examined by a veterinarian to rule out illness/disease.

Dietary Changes for Skinny Older Dogs

dog with puppy If you’re trying to keep weight on an older dog who is healthy, but skinny, there are a few tweaks you can make to his diet/feeding which may help.

Feed Premium Food

pet interested in food As our dogs age, their appetite will often decrease and their bodies can find it more difficult to absorb nutrients from their food. So, it makes sense to ensure that the food they are eating is the highest quality, and most nutrient dense option you can offer. Although there are many foods formulated for senior dogs, a lot of them are ‘low fat’ or ‘low calorie’ to address the excess pounds many older dogs carry. Dog food under a magnifying glass These are obviously not a good choice for a dog who is having trouble maintaining a healthy weight. Older dogs can find it more difficult to utilize the protein from their diets, so a food with above average protein content is recommended. High quality meat proteins are the best. It’s also important to choose a food which will not worsen any existing or chronic health problems your dog has, if you are unsure about this then ask your vet for their recommendation. For a HEALTHY senior dog who simply needs to gain a few pounds, or slow down an existing weight loss pattern, look for dog foods which contain:
  • Above average caloric density (upward of 400 K/cal per cup)
  • Above average protein content (35% +)
  • Above average fat content (15 – 20% +)
Premium quality dog foods are more nutritionally dense and contain less fillers/additives and ‘junk’ so you’ll actually get more for your money. They’re also easier to digest and your dog will get more nutrition per cup – very valuable when his appetite is poor. Sometimes a premium, high quality puppy food formula can work well for older dogs because it is also higher in calories and more nutrient dense than adult dog food. Overall protein and fat content are often a little lower than the figures given above but still a more appropriate choice than a regular adult or senior dog food. Dry kibble contains more nutrition per cup than canned food, but it can be more difficult for older dogs to eat and isn’t as appetizing in terms of smell/taste. Wet food also provides hydration but feeding a mixture of both is best. Here are some excellent dry dog food selections that fit the bill.
Wellness CORE Natural Grain Free Dry Dog Food
Earthborn Holistic Great Plains Feast Grain-Free
Orijen Freeze-Dried Adult Original Formula
Instinct Raw Boost Grain Free Natural Dog Food
Purina Pro Plan SPORT All Life Stages Performance
Earthborn Holistic Puppy Vantage Natural
Choose canned food from any of the above manufacturers or other premium dog food ranges too. You can also read our page about senior dog nutrition.

Make Meals More Appealing

If eating more of a high calorie/high fat diet is one of the best ways to keep weight on older dogs… then figuring out how to make sure they eat their meals is vitally important. Many senior dogs have reduced appetites. This can be caused by many different things, some internal, some external. Some of the causes of decreased appetite in old dogs include:
  • Reduced sense of smell/taste
  • Dental discomfort or tooth loss
  • Poor/slow digestive function
  • Lack of exercise/mobility
  • Underlying organ dysfunction
To overcome these issues, we need to make our dogs’ meals smell and taste better, are highly nutritious and easier to chew/eat/digest. First step is to choose a premium food, the next step is to make it palatable and attractive to your Golden Oldie. You can make dry kibble more appetizing for older dogs by:
  • Choosing smaller kibble pieces rather than larger ones
  • Soaking it in warm water or bone broth for 10 mins before serving
  • Adding a scoop of premium canned food or tasty gravy/bone broth
  • Adding a small amount of cooked chicken, or low sodium chicken broth
  • Adding a little canned tuna and/or the oil/water from the can
  • Adding a little scrambled egg
Feeding smaller meals more often may also increase the amount of food your dog eats in a day, or over several days/weeks. This allows them times to fully digest what they have eaten and doesn’t overload their stomach. If you only feed one meal a day, change to twice a day for medium to large breed dogs. Three times for tiny and small breeds.

Improve Your Dogs’ Digestive Function

Dog active at beach with owner As dogs age, their bodily functions and systems become less efficient in general. Because of this some older dogs can have difficulty digesting their food and absorbing the nutrients they need. It’s important to be aware that there are underlying health conditions such as exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and pancreatitis that require veterinary attention. But once these have been ruled out… There are supplements and digestive aids which can help improve your senior dogs’ digestive system health and function. Probiotics, prebiotics and digestive enzymes can all be viable options. Some of the products that fit this bill include….
Probiotics for Dogs with Natural Digestive Enzymes
Enzymes for Dogs & Cats – Enzyme Miracle
VAN BEEK Synacore Digestive Support, Dogs

High Calorie Supplements for Dogs

Sometimes puppies, sick convalescing dogs or senior dogs need a bit of a nutritional ‘boost’ to help them gain strength. Calorie dense nutritional supplements can help with this. These supplements usually come as a paste or as a liquid and can be fed to a puppy/dog alone, or as part of a meal. Here are two options that are popular:
Dyne High Calorie Liquid for Dogs
Nutri-Cal High Calorie Nutritional Supplement For Dogs

Homemade Dog Food

Preparing homemade meals for an older dog who is having problems with gaining/maintaining a healthy weight is definitely an option. If you use fresh, human-grade ingredients and add the correct supplements, vitamins and minerals you can create nutritious and easily digested meals for your senior dog. Just be sure to not add any vegetables/fruits that may be toxic to dogs. But it’s vitally important to get the ratio of nutrients correct, and the added supplements. If this is a route that you’re interested in following I would strongly recommend discussing it with your vet who knows your dog and will be able to give you guidelines for creating meals that provide what he needs. Read more about senior dog nutrition:

Authors

  • Dr Alex Crow, Veterinary Surgeon

    Alex Crow, VetMed MRCVS, is an RCVS accredited Veterinary surgeon with special interests in neurology and soft tissue surgery. Dr Crow is currently practicing at Buttercross Veterinary Center in England. He earned his degree in veterinary medicine in 2019 from the Royal Veterinary College (one of the top 3 vet schools in the world) and has more than three years of experience practicing as a small animal veterinarian (dogs and cats).

  • Dr. Winnie, Veterinarian

    Dr. Winnie earned a Master in Biology from St Georges University, and graduated from the University of Pretoria's Veterinary School. She is a full-time Veterinarian specializing in internal medicine for companion animals.

Disclaimer: This website's content is not a substitute for veterinary care. Always consult with your veterinarian for healthcare decisions. Read More.

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